Ibrahim Hassan Essays - Thought, Marxist Theory, Critical Theory

Ibrahim Hassan Essays - Thought, Marxist Theory, Critical Theory Ibrahim Hassan DAVID SKINNER COMN1000 16 October 2017 Belief system belief system which shows the idea of human thought process and why people make a move. anybody that is conceived in the public eye will have explicit standards of the perspective and different ideas. the idea of belief system has been here since the get-go and has been the reason mankind continues developing. The word was made by joining two wordsidea, fromGreek (a sense like john Locke) and-logy, fromlogos which intended to contemplate something or a part of something .the word was made during the french revoultion which later on had diverse meanings.Ideology theOxford English Dictionarydefines the expression belief system as the study of thoughts or the division of reasoning or brain research that manages the inception and nature of thoughts. Additionally, can be put as Ideologyis a thorough set ofnormativebeliefs,conscious andunconsciousideas, that drives an individual, gathering or society has. A progressively essential meaning of the term philosophy can be gotten from Marx's thought that social creatures are limited to a variety of obviousness intention; with the end goal that they don't have any acquaintance with it, however they are doingit. Belief system is a significant component in the present media because of globalization where as more and various goals are realized and shared among individuals. these arrangements are which impact gatherings, developments and even society itself. Theory proclamation What is the convenience of philosophy in media and correspondence contemplates. Philosophy as its all known as perspectives and point of view of a general public or convictions of a person. To likewise comprehend the belief system and its convenience in media we have to comprehend the significance of media and what media is Mediais the collectivecommunication outlets or instruments that are utilized tostoreand deliverinformationordata. As characterized Media is the way extraordinary data is shared however what kind of data is partaken in media this is when philosophy has its impact, it achieves Unique. Data and information are consistently various individuals have alternate point of view about existence which achieves distinctive data and information. Media and belief system are difficult terms to isolate and characterize, on the grounds that each word assists with characterizing another. Media philosophies are the allowance of faith based expectations that every individual client ha s when utilizing media. These media belief systems are now and then transformed into colloquialisms of training when a network verifiably or expressly characterizes and holds fast to specific principles of utilizing media (DOMINANT IDEOLOGY). Prevailing philosophy attempts to show how various individuals can in any case have a few similitudes or shows how various individuals can even now have a similar belief system for instance how should individuals speak to red as a shade of peril or how roses and chocolates give an indication of adoration or how a decent American family speaks to a spouse wife, child and little girl (the Simpsons). These are what lion's share of individuals think and how the name or speak to things since it's an accepted practice and has just been marked in the rear of our brains because of how media data is moved from places for example Westernization, American belief system can be seen through various sorts of news sources like TV or radio. belief system and broad communications are the two ideas which are equivalent with the procedures and viewpoints of advancement. Explained BIBLOGRAHPHY Berger, Arthur Asa. Media and correspondence research techniques: A prologue to subjective and quantitative methodologies. Sage Publication The two creators and analysts in this examination utilized information of correspondence and media to look at the bunches that are designed and normatively pervaded in ideas and thoughts of belief systems, the reasonable arrangement helps individuals in the general public to explore the perplexing circumstances in their political world and take guarantees in social equity and truth. Teaching is an assortment of explicit substance and thoughts which are normally intention. John Corner. Philosophy' and media research. Distributed December 3, 2015 This critique surveys the proceeding with conversation about the utilization of the idea of belief system' in media research, interfacing back to prior phases of the discussion and the issues that created around its differing use. It draws in with the endeavor to reestablish the thought as an arranging idea in the examination of intensity, taking a gander at a portion of the manners by which the media's work in the facilitating of intensity relations stays needing further understanding. Thompson,John B. Belief system, and present day culture: Critical social hypothesis in the time of mass correspondence. John Wiley

CONSTITUTION & ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CONSTITUTION and ADMINISTRATIVE LAW - Coursework Example He contends that they are without a doubt demonstrations of need, which the legislature acts in unexpected and extraordinary crisis, particularly when it is in the open enthusiasm to do as such. This basically negates Dicey’s comprehension of the regal privilege. This is thinking about to such an extent that the intensity of war, which is for the most part, one of the noteworthy forces of the privilege, would in any case be a special case. The above contrasts in contention, along these lines, call for reevaluation into different speculations so as to comprehend the essentialness of the regal prerogative2. In Attorney General v DE Keyser’s Royal Hotel Ltd , Lord Parmoor said that a privilege might be basic to the rulers and the subjects; all things considered, that doesn't qualifies it to be a right. Rather, he contended that Royal right methods a benefit in the official that might be of a selective and a unique character. Likewise, Blackstone agrees that the right covers those activities that no individual or foundation other than the official may undertake3. Among rights pondered in this clarification incorporate the creation of bargains and the sending of military. Notwithstanding, it is noticeable that the Blackstone’s contention negates the legal thinking with regards to what the privilege is. To reveal more insight into this, an assessment of the instance of R v Criminal Injuries Compensation Board, Ex parte Lain will be of help. For this situation, the board that was to explore and make proposal on the pay to survivors of savagery through ex gratia installments, was designated by the executive4. The key issue here is that the block was set by the official in ignored the understanding between the Judiciary and the candidate. Unmistakably the right demonstration was utilized in doing this, seemingly however, giving out cash to the casualties of viciousness isn't such one of a kind to merit direct activity of the official. Additionally, Wade a regulatory scholar concurs with the contentions of Dicey and Blackstone though at

3 Books to Read If You Liked THE AMERICANS

3 Books to Read If You Liked THE AMERICANS As of last week, The Americans is overat least for a few months. The FX series, which premiered in January, tells the story of a pair of KGB agents trained to live as ordinary Americans while performing missions to undermine the United States during the late Cold War. In addition to showing us a (homicidal) side of Keri Russell that Felicity never offered, the series is a surprisingly effective amalgam of suspenseful spy tale and domestic drama. But the first season is over, and Elizabeth and Philip have slithered back into hiding. So what is a bookish fan to do? Well, you could give these books a shot (to be clear, I mean you should try them, not stab them with a syringe full of paralytic poison): The Charm School  by Nelson DeMille This ones obvious, but that doesnt mean its not an excellent choice. In The Americans, we heard snippets of conversation about the mysterious Center that handled Elizabeth and Philip, and we saw occasional flashbacks to their training. This 1988 thriller goes much further into the training. Classic DeMille in his spy mode, the novel begins with a cool settingthe camp where the Soviet Union has been using kidnapped Americans to train soon-to-be undercover KGB operativesbefore blowing it up (figurativelymostly) with a team of plucky American spies. The Charm School lacks the humane complexity that made The Americans so surprisingly good. (You wont find DeMilles characters sitting down to an awkward family dinner.) But its certainly damned fun, and a nice distraction while we wait for the more complicated world of The Americans to return. Within the Context of No Context by George W. S. Trow Fun in a very different, much weirder way, Within the Context of No Context  is a lovely, disorienting manifesto about American mass culture at the very moment The Americans depicts. (The book version also includes a more personal, introductory essay, as well.) Published originally in the New Yorker in 1980, Within is a bracing critique of the effects of television on American life. Television is the force of no-history, and it holds the archives of the history of no-history, Trow writes early on. Television is a mystery. This might seem an idiosyncratic choice as a followup to a spy show. And I suppose it is. But what better way to understand and explore a television show about the early 1980s than a book on television from the early 1980s? Its meta-tastic! Seriously, though, reading Within in the wake of The Americans gives you a chance to explore the historical context the show depicts while at the same time giving you an opportunity to reflect on the way television has shaped all of our lives, for good and, perhaps especially, for ill.   Anthropology of an American Girl by Hilary Thayer Hamann For my money, one of the most interesting aspects of The Americans was the full-fledged character the show created for Elizabeth and Philips teenage daughter, Paige. (It appears to have taken a page, so to speak, from another secret-espionage show, Homeland, which also centrally features a complex adolescent girl character.) Even amidst the murderous geopolitics of the Cold War, the show takes Paiges feelings and needs and choices, as small-scale and intimate as they usually are, very seriously. Judging by the final moments of the season finale, Paiges role may only be getting bigger, so it makes sense to try to get inside her head a bit during the break. The hugely acclaimed Anthropology of an American Girl also offers a portrait of a teenage girl at the beginning of the 1980s. Hamanns protagonist, Eveline, isnt Paige, of course. Shes a few years older, at 17, and her experiences are darker. (Shes raped, for example, rather than maybe-almost-raped, like Paige.) By all accounts sharp ly observed, Hamanns book offers a world of possibilities The Americans cant quite manage, since I guess it does need to deal with all the spy stuff, too. And, at nearly 600 pages,  it might fill some time until The Americans comes back. _________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every two weeks. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis, follow us on Twitter or like us on Facebook. So much bookish goodnessall day, every day. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Human Anatomy Study Tips

Anatomy is the study of the structure of living organisms. This subdiscipline of biology can be further categorized into the study of large-scale anatomical structures (gross anatomy) and the study of microscopic anatomical structures (microscopic anatomy.) Human anatomy deals with anatomical structures of the human body, including cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Anatomy is always linked to physiology, the study of how biological processes function in living organisms. Therefore it is not enough to be able to identify a structure, its function must also be understood. Why Study Anatomy? The study of human anatomy provides a better understanding of the structures of the body and how they work. Your goal in a basic anatomy course should be to learn and understand the structures and functions of the major body systems. Remember that organ systems dont just exist as individual units. Each system depends on the others, either directly or indirectly, to keep the body functioning normally. It is also important to identify the major cells, tissues, and organs and know how they function. Make the Most of Study Time Studying anatomy involves lots of memorization. For instance, the human body contains 206 bones and over 600 muscles. Learning these structures requires time, effort, and good memorization skills. Perhaps you can find a study partner or group that will make it easier. Be sure to take clear notes and ask questions in class about anything you are unclear on. Know the Language Using standard anatomical terminology ensures that anatomists have a common method of communicating to avoid confusion when identifying structures. Knowing anatomical directional terms and body planes, for instance, enables you to describe the locations of structures in relation to other structures or locations in the body. Learning the common prefixes and suffixes used in anatomy and biology is also helpful. If you are studying the brachiocephalic artery, you can figure out its function by knowing the affixes in the name. The affix brachio- refers to the upper arm and cephal refers to the head. If you have memorized that an artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, you can determine that the brachiocephalic artery is a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the head and arm regions of the body. Use Study Aids Believe it or not, anatomy coloring books are one of the best study aids to learn and memorize structures and their location. The Anatomy Coloring Book is a popular choice, but other coloring books work as well. Anatomy flashcards, like Netters Anatomy Flash Cards and Mosbys Anatomy Physiology Study and Review Cards are recommended as well. Flashcards are valuable for reviewing information and are not meant to be a substitute for anatomy texts. Acquiring a good complementary text, such as Netters Atlas of Human Anatomy, is a must for higher-level anatomy courses and those interested in or already attending medical school. These resources provide detailed illustrations and pictures of various anatomical structures. Review, Review, Review To really make sure you comprehend the material, you must constantly review what you have learned. It is vital that you attend any and all anatomy review sessions given by your instructor. Be sure to always take practice quizzes before taking any test or quiz. Get together with a study group and quiz each other on the material. If you are taking an anatomy course with a lab, be sure that you prepare for what you are going to be studying before lab class. Stay Ahead The main thing you want to avoid is falling behind. With the volume of information covered in most anatomy courses, it is important that you stay ahead and know what you need to know before you need to know it. Know the Body Organisms, including humans, are arranged in a hierarchical structure. Tissues Cells compose tissues of the body, which can be categorized into four primary types. epithelial tissuemuscle tissueconnective tissuenervous tissue Organs Tissues in turn form organs of the body. Examples  of body organs include brainheartkidneyslungsliverpancreasthymusthyroid Organ Systems Organ systems are formed from groups of organs and tissues working in conjunction to perform necessary functions for the survival of the organism. Examples of organ systems include circulatory systemdigestive systemendocrine systemnervous systemlymphatic systemskeletal systemreproductive system

Racial Segregation, By Lorraine Hansberry - 1248 Words

â€Å"Seems like God don’t see fit to give the black man nothing but dreams – but He did give us children to make the dreams seem worthwhile,† once stated by Lorraine Hansberry. Racial segregation has been a huge topic in our society. Believe it or not, just a few decades ago African American people did not have the basic equality rights that white citizens were given. Something as simple as having a dream to become an author seemed out of reach; even impossible some might have said. Living in this kind of a world was unfortunately a reality for Lorraine Hansberry. Growing up she lived in a world of racial segregation and not being giving the same opportunities as fellow white citizens in the United States. Throughout her life civil rights was a major influence for her. Hansberry was able to express the unwavering need for civil rights through her literature. Her poems and plays showed the unjust treatment of African Americans. She was able to make a difference in her own life, as well as the lives of her audience through her portrayal of pre-civil rights. With this in mind, Lorraine Hansberry was a major author, playwright, and activist during the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a time of rebirth and renewal for the African American peoples. The African American peoples would express themselves through music, writing, and art all through an autobiographical standpoint. Because of the Harlem Renaissance, the African American society was changed forever. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Who Am I?: Racial Identity in A Raisin in the Sun1596 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, it was not until late childhood, while visiting my father on weekends, that I began to differentiate between my friends and myself. Maybe the piercing stares and turned heads at the neighborhood market led to this discovery. Or perhaps the racial epithets exchanged in anger between childhood friends made the differences obvious. But, more than anything else, I attr ibute my discovery to the disparaging nickname given to me. They referred to me as â€Å"Casper.† Yes, I am white ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬â€œchalk white, milkRead MoreRacial Injustice in A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry and Sonny’s Blues, by James Baldwin1494 Words   |  6 Pagesinferiority, Jim Crow law, segregation, racial terror, and racial inequality are the most common topics of American history. The quote of Martin Luther King Jr asserts the truth that racial injustice was in the vein of the American dream. He hopes someday that injustice, the view that African Americans are inferior will go away, and they will be treated equally like a full human being. The theme of racial injustice is prevalent in both â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† byRead MoreThe Groundbreaking Movement. What Did An International1223 Words   |  5 Pagesartists that benefited from this social movement were Langston Hughe s, Countee Cullens, Margaret Walker, James Baldwin, Alice Walker, and Lorraine Hansberry. However, these are just a very minute percentage of the art population. For these artists, Morgan believed that â€Å"Social Realism became the vanguard in the African American struggle for equality and racial injustice in the Depression Era in America, and perhaps it has been (476). She also suggests that the way they elected to express themselves:Read MoreRacial Identity in A Raisin in the Sun: Who Am I?1102 Words   |  5 Pagesthat I started to differentiate between my friends and myself, and my father’s home and my home. The realization I was different may have come about because of the piercing stares and turned heads at the neighborhood market. Or perhaps it was the racial epithets exchanged in anger between childhood friends. However, the image indelibly etched in my memory is that others referred to me as â€Å"Casper.† Yes, I am white ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬â€œchalk white , milk white, even ghostly white. If others had not continuously pointedRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin1474 Words   |  6 PagesLorraine Hansberry created the play A Raisin in the Sun. A Raisin in the Sun recounts an anecdote about The Youngers who is a poor African American family living on the Southside of Chicago. A chance to escape from neediness comes as a $10,000 extra security watch that the female authority of the family (Lena/Mama) gets upon her significant other s passing. Lena s kids, Walter and Beneatha, each have plans with the cash. The most established child, Walter (a man of 35 with a spouse and a youthfulRead MoreRacial Tension Among The Black And White Societies1008 Words   |  5 Pageswritten by Lorraine Hansberry in the late 1950s. Lorraine was the youngest of her siblings and grew up in rural Chicago back during the era of segregation. It was evident that her hard trials growing up directly correlated with this film as the setting of the plot occurred in her hometown, Chicago, right before the Civil Rights Movement began. This explicit film vividly conveyed many important issues that were ongoing in American history which saw the nation go from economic prosperity to racial tensionRead MoreTimeless Themes A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry1306 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most notable plays on the topic of racial minorities and family issues, A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, has continued to be popular since it was written in 1959. The play is about an African American family, consisting of five members, who live in Southside Chicago during the post-World-War-Two era. The Younger family is crowded in a tiny, worn, and shabby apartment and they are fairly poor. They never have much surplus money until Walter’s father, and Mama’s husband, died andRead MoreA Raisin In The Sun Racism1626 Words   |  7 PagesA Raisin in the Sun written by Lorraine Hansberry, a story about an African American fami ly living in Chicago. The book illustrates what the daily problems of an average black family had to deal with while living in America in the 1950s and their struggle of overcoming obstacles to reach their â€Å"dream†. Hansberry use this novel to address topics such as racism, racial inequality, and racial discrimination. In 1954, many people during that time supported segregation. People perceived whites and blacksRead MoreRacial Feelings Of Chicago, Illinois1643 Words   |  7 PagesRacial feelings in Chicago, Illinois are very similar today to how they were in the 1950s. The Younger family from Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun was the epitome of a lower class, black family during that time. They dealt with the hardships of never having enough money and losing family happiness due to their lack of wealth. Modern-day Chicago can easily be compared to Chicago from the mid 1900s because of the ever-growing amount of poor blacks and the poverty riven African-Am erican neighborhoodsRead MoreThe Groundbreaking Movement : The Seminal Movement1834 Words   |  8 Pagesartists that benefited from this social movement were Langston Hughes, Countee Cullens, Margaret Walker, James Baldwin, Alice Walker, and Lorraine Hansberry. However, these are just a very minute percentage of the art population. For these artists, Morgan believed that â€Å"Social Realism became the vanguard in the African American struggle for equality and racial injustice in the Depression Era in America, and perhaps it has been (476). She also suggests that the way they elected to express themselves:

Living Downstream By Sandra Steingraber - 856 Words

Take a Breath Breathing is a source that all living things need to stay alive yet, we cannot control what we inhale or exhale. In chapter 8 of Living Downstream by Sandra Steingraber, it explains dilemmas of the Atmospheric Circulation affects the environment and living things. Atmospheric Circulation is the redistribution of air on the earth surface. Additionally, it s the leading problem of pollution around the world. Atmospheric pollution is consisted of chemicals, and toxins into the air. The air that we inhale and exhale isn t in our favor because it is composed with various toxins and different combination of element such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and many more particles that are provided when we breathe. However, the most dangerous toxin pollutant on the atmospheric circulation is ozone. Ozone is a thin air combined with oxygen and ultraviolet radiation found at the stratosphere. Ozone affects humans by causing health problems to the lungs, animals, and plants by slowing down the ir growth development. Atmospheric circulation is actually caused by the unbalanced heating of the earth s surface by the sun and changes with temperature and precipitation. In addition, it s affected by the rotation of the earth on its axis, since year after year the earth undergoes seasonal phases of the weather, for instance, the rotation will either be towards or away from the sun. Unlike most seasons, summer is when the ozone levels are high because the ultravioletShow MoreRelatedSilent Spring by Rachel Carson Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pageseventually leading to the establishment of the U.S. â€Å"Environmental Protection Agency†. Carson’s work in comparison with Steingraber’s concerns Sandra Steingraber (born 1959) is an American environmentalist, writer, and survivor of cancer like Rachel Carson. In her book, Living Downstream; An Ecologist Looks at Cancer and the Environment (published in 1997) Steingraber mergers narratives and accounts of industrialized and agrarian pollution with a treasure of data from both scientific and medical literatureRead MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 Pageslife. Introduction 2 Author Biography Rachel Louise Carson was born on May 27,1907, in Springdale, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Robert Warden Carson and Maria Frazier McLean. The family had very little money Robert Carson made only a slim living as a salesman and utility employee but thanks to their talented and well-educated mother, Rachel and her older brother and sister enjoyed a comparatively stimulating childhood. A great reader and passionate naturalist, Maria Carson left an especially

Midnight Ride of Paul Revere… Accurate or Not free essay sample

â€Å"The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere† is a well-written poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow telling the tale of Paul Revere’s bravery before the battles of Lexington and Concord. Though a lot of the poem is accurate, parts of it are missing details, or the details have been changed, to make Revere look like more of a hero. At the beginning of the poem, Longfellow talks about how Paul Revere was standing on the opposite shore of the old North Church, ready to ride. However, what he failed to mention was that Revere was not the only rider; there were dozens of others! Also, Paul Revere was not actually waiting on the shores across the Church, but in bed. Dr. Joseph Warren had to wake him up before Revere could go. Revere himself did not even see the lanterns hung up! Once Revere actually started to take off, he was rowed across the river by two friends before he borrowed someone else’s horse and began his journey towards Lexington and onwards. We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight Ride of Paul Revere†¦ Accurate or Not? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After warning many houses and villages of the British (which the poem correctly states), Revere goes to Lexington to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock that the British are trying to capture them (not mentioned in poem). From there, Revere continued with William Dawes towards Concord, where they also meet Samuel Prescott, who continues the ride with them (both men were not mentioned in the poem). At this point, the author has changed some of the details completely. In reality, a British Patrol stops all three men, and Revere is captured. Unlike the poem, he does not actually go on to Concord, but Dawes and Prescott do. Revere escaped later on in the night, but never saw the beginning of the battle of Lexington. However, there were some accurate parts of â€Å"Midnight Ride of Paul Revere† as well. The colonists did use the motto â€Å"one if by land, two if by sea†. Though the lantern signals had been the back up plan, not the original one, the old North Church tower was where the lanterns were hung. Most of the times for when things happened were also accurate, as well as the fact that the British did come by sea. Paul Revere did get to Lexington as the poem mentioned, just not in time for the first part of the battle. As you can see, the poem â€Å"Midnight Ride of Paul Revere† over-exaggerates the details on Paul Revere. Americans sometimes believe that Paul Revere was the only midnight rider because of the inaccurate details of this poem. Nevertheless, we must think about the author. His goal was not only to create a piece of history, but also to create an American hero†¦ Which he successfully accomplished.

Narrative free essay sample

The Day I Found Out I Was Pregnant It was on April 28, 2013, the most exciting day of my life. On this day I found out that I am pregnant. At first I didnt believe it, but then it hit me. Later that day I had to tell my boyfriend the news. He was very excited, he said, l cant believe I am going to be a daddy! I knew at that moment that the rest of my life would never be the same. The more I thought about it, the more excited I became. I thought to myself, There is a little boy or girl growing inside of my stomach that I will love for the rest of my life. A single tear ran down my face from all of the excitement. As the day went by, my stomach started to get bigger and my love food soon dwindled down to almost nothing. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Soon enough, I heard my babys heartbeat; it was loud and sounded like a sweet song from heaven. Tears started to fill my eyes as I listened a little bit longer. A few weeks later I had my first ultrasound. I walked into the doctors office nervous and shaking. As I walked into the exam room and laid down on the bed, my whole body was shaking, but as soon as I saw my little on the screen, my nervousness turned into Joy and excitement. The doctor told me that I was 12 weeks and 4 days pregnant. I started to cry hysterically as I watched my little baby move around. About 8 weeks later, I had gone for another ultrasound to determine the gender of my baby. As I always did, I walked into the doctors office nervous as could be and shaking like a leaf. I waited for my name to be called. Soon I had gone into the exam room. First, the doctor checked to see if the baby had ten finger and ten toes. Next, she listened to the babys heartbeat to make sure nothing was wrong. Finally, after having to try to get the baby to change positions, we found out that I am having a boy. My boyfriend and I were extremely excited and overwhelmed. We then decided that his name would be London Michael. Now I am 25 weeks and 1 day pregnant. Little London constantly moves around and is always kicking. At first, his kicks felt like little flutters, but as he got bigger his kicks became more powerful and strong. As I get closer to my due date, December 23, 2013, my stomach continues to grow and the amount of excitement also grows. Narrative Essay By Rainstorms Narrative free essay sample CALTEX FUEL POINTE SERVICE STATION Sto. Nino, Gapan city, Nueva Ecija In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Presented by: Mr. Kevin M. Sesbreno B. S. Information Technology Presented to: Mrs. April A. Atendido OJT Coordinator Republic of the Philippines NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE amp; TECHNOLOGY San Leonardo Academic Extension Campus NARATIVE REPORT ON ON THE JOB TRAINING AT CALTEX FUEL POINTE SERVICE STATION Sto. Nino, Gapan city, Nueva Ecija In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Presented by: Mr. Emmanuel P. Garcia Mr. Kevin M. Sesbreno B. S. Information Technology Presented to: Mrs. April A. Atendido OJT Coordinator TABLE OF CONTENTS * Approval Sheet * Acknowledgement * Dedication I. INTRODUCTION a. Objectives of OJT b. Industrial Linkages amp; Coordination Office (Philosophy, Mission amp; Goals) II. The Training Agency / Company Profile a. Company Philosophy (Mission, Vision, Goals amp; Mandate) b. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page History (Company Background) III. Company Organization a. Organizational Structure b. Profiles of the Company c. Function of the Company d. Programs amp; Initiatives e. Expected Benefits IV. Experience Evaluation a. OJT Experience b. Insights Problems Encountered Suggestions amp; Recommendation V. APPENDICES a. Daily Time Record b. Weekly Report c. Evaluation d. Pictorials e. Certificate of Completion f. Author’s Data Republic of the Philippines NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY San Leonardo Academic Extension Campus San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija APPROVAL SHEET In partial fulfillment of the requirements in this NARRATIVE REPORT ON ON – THE – JOB TRAINING for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology has been prepared and submitted by EMMANUEL P. GARCIA. Recommended By: MRS. Lorna G. Flores Trainor Accepted and Approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements in the course BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, with rating of MRS. APRIL A. ATENDIDO OJT 1 Coordinator DATE OF APPROVAL: Republic of the Philippines NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY San Leonardo Academic Extension Campus San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija APPROVAL SHEET In partial fulfillment of the requirements in this NARRATIVE REPORT ON ON – THE – JOB TRAINING for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology has been prepared and submitted by KEVIN M. SESBRENO. Recommended By: MRS. Lorna G. Flores Trainor Accepted and Approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements in the course BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, with rating of MRS. APRIL A. ATENDIDO OJT 1 Coordinator DATE OF APPROVAL: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We like to acknowledge the almighty GOD who gave us wisdom and intellectual capacity to let this work be of reality. We want to thank GOD for His guidance, help and protecting us from the first day of my OJT up to the last day, and for giving us strength in everyday just to fulfill this program. Secondly, we would like to acknowledge Caltex Fuel Pointe Service Station for accepting us as there ON-THE-JOB TRAINEE. For giving us chance to experience how to work in their company, and we want to thank also the manager, employees, cashier, security guard for giving me as sort of advice regarding the work that we experienced, for the knowledge that we gained when we worked with them as an OJT TRAINEE. We also wish to acknowledge the following person who helped us to finish/fulfill this program. We would like to thank all people who have helped and inspired us during my on-the-job training. We would like to thank our parents Eric Garcia and Ma. Theresa Sesbreno for their  guidance, concern and understanding and love and care that strongly encourage us in the fulfillment of the desired task. To our Aunt Lorna G. Flores for guiding us and for untiring appreciation. DEDICATION This narrative report is dedicated to our Almighty GOD for His guidance, helped and protecting us up to the beginning of our OJT up to the end of it. We personally dedicate this narrative to our family for their support, effort, moral encouragement, and for supporting us financially just to finish this program, it is dedicated to them because they served as our inspiration to finish this program. And to give our best in OJT. Lastly, we dedicate this narrative report especially to ourselves because we know we gave all our effort and time to finish this program. This work is dedicated to our girlfriend, Hazel S. Odono and Jessie Anne Lafina without their caring support it would not have been possible, and to the effort of our parents, Mr. amp; Mrs. Garcia and Mr. amp; Mrs. Sesbreno just to fulfill this program. I. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION On the job training or OJT is one method by which students is given a chance to apply the theories and computations that they have learned from the school. It also helps the students to acquire relevant knowledge and skills by performing in actual work setting. Colleges and universities require their students to undergo such training within a specific number of hours as part of the curriculum. For the students, an OJT or internship program provides opportunities to go through the actual methodologies of a specific job using the real tools, equipments and documents. In effect, the workplace becomes a development venue for a student trainee to learn more about his chosen field and practice what he has learn from academy. On the other hand, an effective OJT program also benefits the companies who accept trainees. First OJT or intern provides additional manpower for a lesser labor cost than a regular employee. Most of them are all eager to learn the ropes so chances are high that they will cooperate. Employers can use this internship strategy as a method in recruiting new employees. Since the trainer or the supervisor can follow the trainees’ progress, he can gauge based on performance, behavior and attitude if the trainee will make a good recruit after the completion of his internship. This study examines an early element of federal job training policy implementation the job training plan in order to assess its effect on the fulfillment of federal policy goals. OBJECTIVES OF OJT PURPOSE This is exciting time for me to have an ON THE JOB TRAINING that will allow individuals to learn the knowledge and skills they have been hired to do. OBJECTIVES 1. To provide students the opportunity to promote and broaden her/his philosophy and understanding of the chosen profession. 2. To provide the OJT students the opportunity to integrate theory and practice in his/her professional educations, to encourage the exchange of contemporary thinking between the apprenticeship and the agency and the agency personnel. 3. To enable OJT students to obtain information which can be used as basis for making choices and relation to future careers, areas of specialization, and or for their study. 4. To provide students opportunity to gain experience, supervisory, and administrative function. 5. To enable student- trainee to realize his/her own strength and weaknesses. 6. To help students being an understanding and appreciation of the role duties, responsibilities of a full time professional. 7. To provide student-trainee with experience that will enable him/her to develop sound human relation. 8. To strengthen relationship between the cooperation agency and university. INDUSTRIAL LINKAGES AND COORDINATION PHILOSOPHY Industrial Linkages and Coordination shall be committed to the philosophy of training and molding highly motivated industrial workers who shall be responsible for the development of the country future middle level manpower to spur the economy. MISSION To provide access to relevant and comprehensive industrial training program for the students to enhance technical competence and ensure job placement. GOAL To provide quality training and proper skills, work attitude and knowledge to prospective student trainees in different degree and non degree programs of the university. IV. EXPERIENCE EVALUATION ON-THE-JOB TRAINING EXPERIENCE With almost two months of our OJT in Fuel Pointe Caltex Service Station, we have gained a lot of experience involving to real job situation. The staffs and bosses of F. P. C. S. S, treat us as nice as one of them. They elped us with the things that we must learn about their station as well as the company. In our training we used to arrange and manage records manually. We also encode some records like the total daily sales oil and gas weekly report. Compute the meters of every pump reading. We are so thankful with this opportunity to work with them as a trainee because we have applied and developed us to lear n how to deal with problems that we may encounter with our future job. During our ON-THE-JOB-TRAINING in Fuel Pointe Caltex Service Station, there was no considerable problem in our place assignment. The problems that arise are mostly because we not used to working in that environment. Some of these are; At first, we had lack of self confidence and hard time searching the right approach on our supervisor although they all show kindness to us. We are not consistent on our early attendance, sometimes we got late which is not a good thing about a real job situation. But up to the end of our ON-THE-JOB TRAINING we feel fulfilled and contented with all the knowledge and experience that we have gained of course with all the helped of our good LORD. AUTHORS DATA Name:Emmanuel P. Garcia Age:18 Address:134 Burgos St. San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija Birthday:December 18, 1994 Contact number:0926-600-3350 Father:Eric V. Garcia Mother:Valerie P. Garcia Course: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology San Leonardo Academic Extension Campus AUTHORS DATA Name:Kevin M. Sesbreno Age:18 Address:153 Burgos St. San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija Birthday:July 25, 1994 Contact number:0935-797-3235 Father:Rico G. Sesbreno Mother:Ma. Theresa M. Sesbreno Course: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology San Leonardo Academic Extension Campus Narrative free essay sample Many people may say that they go through many disappointments in life but im pretty sure we all can say that at some point in time in life. Life is full of obstacles that slow you down. Some even say you have to fail to succeed. We all have different sayings for this crazy thing called life but, we have to take what is given to us even if its negative and try to make into something positive. It was a morning in March, I anxiously went to the DMV to take the permit test it was my birthday so of course I was really excited and nervous at the same time. After I had been sitting more than thirty minutes, waiting and praying that I would get nothing but easy questions so that I would past with no problems at all, an old, short woman was sitting at the front desk and she called my number to come up to her desk. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her outfit was very wacky. She spoke to me and then handed me a clipboard with info that needed to be filled in the blanks so I filled it out and she proceeded with the permit test process. She tested my eye sight by having me look into a microscope and call out the letters that I saw on different rows. After she took my picture and had me proceed to the back where I would began taking the test. My heart was beating so fast and my palms were sweaty. As I proceeded to the back I approached a line of other people also waiting to take the test I couldn’t stop thinking to myself â€Å"what if I fail† â€Å"what I fail. † The line began to move up and I was only two people away from taking the test. After about twenty minutes I heard a lady say â€Å"next in line please† I walked to the desk and handed her a paper that she needed from the first desk in order for me to take the test. She told me to go to computer number one I began to approach the computer and on the screen it asked what state was I in. I clicked Maryland, it then told me my options to be able to skip go back and etc. It asked me basic questions as an example on how to use the different maneuvers on the computer. I answered the example questions and the real test began. My heart dropped as I read the questions and bubbled my answer. Each time I got one rite it would highlight in green saying correct each time I got one wrong it would highlight in red I got it wrong. I continued to about number ten and I had gotten that one wrong and I started to panic because you are only aloud to get three wrong out of twenty-one questions, I tried to keep my cool but I couldn’t stop thinking to myself â€Å"Oh My Gosh! †¦I can only get two more wrong before I blow this. † As I continued I heard a boy next to me scream â€Å"YESSSSSSS! ALRIGHT! † I couldn’t help but look at his screen after he got up and his screen said PASSED written really big across his screen in green, so I thought to myself okay I can do this, this test is easy so let me hurry up and get this over with. However, while I was being nosey on his screen I accidentally hit next question with the wrong answer bubbled and I got it wrong. I was very angry and upset at myself because now I could only get one question wrong. I was now on question twenty, the question was about blind spot. However I did not know what this was because I didn’t study so I took a guess and got it wrong and my screen said FAILED highlighted in red. I was so embarrassed and upset, I got up and walked to the counter and the lady told me to try again in 2 weeks. I walked out and my mom asked did I passed and I told her no. She told me this time maybe I should actually try to study. The moral to the story is always study before taking a test, even if you think you already know it because practice makes perfect. Narrative free essay sample It was a hot sunny day, when I finally took my kids to the Disney Land. My son Matthew and my daughter Durra endlessly asked me to show them the dream land of many children with Mackey Mouse and Snow-white walking by and arousing a huge portion of emotions. Somehow these fairy tale creatures can make children happy without such small presents as $100 Leg or a Barbs house in 6 rooms and garden furniture. Therefore, I thought that Disney Land was a good Invention for loving parents. However, I can ensure anybody that Disney can turn out to be a remarkable lace for adults too. Two years have already passed, but I still can not forget my experience at the roller coaster with a mysterious name Space Mountain. Tired of the smell of sweet popcorn and heroically washing the Ice-cream off Durra pink dress, I decided to change the settings. Along with Durra, Mathew pleaded to go to the roller coaster, and, having no other better Idea, I finally had to give up. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I thought that my wife would be proud of me.Besides, I have never had such an experience before, and thought of having such a ride was quite Intriguing. However, when I saw this big Mountain, the first signs of doubt started to appear in my confused conscience. A man at the age of 30, I felt terrified by the thought that we have to ride down. It is inhuman, suicidal experience I would have felt much better if we set down in the cafe and ate ice-cream. I thought about my children and looked at Mat. To my surprise, he was too preoccupied with Space Mountain to be worried about life safety. I also took a moment to appreciate the courage of Durra, who light- heartedly followed Mat. Finally, I rejected all doubt and climbed into this killing machine, where well qualified Disney personnel checked the safety belts, encouraged the suicides, I mean all who wanted to increase their adrenaline level, and wished a pleasant ride. At that moment, the only person that looked exited was Matthew. As for Durra, her eyes were full of fear, and once again I could not decide for myself whether I did right or not.The only thing that I new for sure was that my blood turned cold and I could not stop thinking that this entire mechanism could reek in a second. So, there was nothing a man could do but close his eyes and quickly leave the place of torture. I heard other people scream and even laugh, but could not make a sound myself. When I opened my eyes, I understood that Durra fully shared my feelings. And unfortunately even more. In several minutes, looking at my poor daughter, I thought that pop corn and Ice cream was far not the worst thing. Especially, if kept insideI was somehow no longer proud of myself as I could not get id of the thought that I did something wrong again. Narrative Essay By Elaborateness furniture. Therefore, I thought that Disney Land was a good invention for loving the smell of sweet popcorn and heroically washing the ice-cream off Drags pink the roller coaster, and, having no other better idea, I finally had to give up. I thought before, and thought of having such a ride was quite intriguing. However, when I saw my poor daughter, I thought that pop corn and ice cream was far not the worst thing. Narrative free essay sample It was a hot summer day in the year 2002 when I went camping with my family in Savannah, Georgia. I will never forget this day because it’s the day I learned the lesson that if I don’t obey my parents the consequences will be large. I was only about six years old when we first pulled into the campground. Of course being a young child the first thing I noticed was this extravagant playground out near the road. When me and my sister, Natalie who was around seven at this time, saw it we both looked at each other and knew we were going to go play on that playground. We pulled into our campsite that was located near the very back of the park and our parents started unpacking everything and setting up the motorhome. They were making it obvious they wanted us out of their way. They grabbed our dolls, bikes and chalk out of the car and told us to go play. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Natalie and I knew this was the perfect time to go play on the playground that we saw on our way in. It just so happened there was a playground right by our campsite as well. We came up with the perfect plan. We would tell our parents we were going to go play on the playground and trick into them into thinking we meant the one right near our campsite. In reality we planned on going to the big one near the front of the campground and not have to lie in the process. So we grabbed our bikes and asked our parents if we could ride over to the playground and play. They both said yes, so we rode off towards what we thought was the most beautiful playground weve ever saw. It was probably about a fifteen minute bike ride for us to get there. We dropped our bikes and ran to the playground and started playing. About a half hour passed when my sister Natalie decided she had to use the restroom. So she went around to the other side of the playground away from the road and decided to go. By this point we noticed there was this blue truck that drove past a few times while we were there. We began to get a little scared and thought maybe we should start going back to the camper. No sooner than we got back on our bikes our mom and dad came driving up with anger in their eyes. Me and Natalie knew we were about to be in some big trouble. Just as my parents got out of the car the man in the blue truck stopped and walked over. He started reprimanding my parents and told them they can’t let their kids run around without any supervision. He also said he was the manager and told my parents Natalie  used the restroom right out in the open. My parents apologized to the man and then made us apologize as well. The manager accepted our apology and told us we werent allowed back on that particular playground for the rest of our stay. By this point my our parents were livid and gave me and Natalie a 10 minute lecture about the dangers of them not knowing where we were and not being able to see us. They grabbed us and our bikes and we headed back to the campsite. When we got back they took all our toys and our bikes and we were told we werent allowed to join any of the activities the rest of the week. That week my family went swimming, horse back riding and hiking. Natalie and I didn’t get to do any of it and our siblings made sure they told us after every activity how fun it was. It was a time I’ll never forgot. It seems everything seems so much more traumatic when you are young. I learned the lesson that I should obey my parents even if I don’t necessarily want to. I’m not saying there arent times I don’t go against their will; but ever since that day I think to myself and analyze if the rule that I am about to break is worth the consequences I’ll have to pay if I get caught. Narrative free essay sample Education has been regarded as a means toward economic stability and progress. The increases productivity of the workforce is due mainly to the increase in the education and training of the people. The success and development of the country would greatly depend in the productivity of its human resources – which is considered as one of the vital asset of the nation. And to have a good and competent man power resources, quality education and intensive training is necessary for the students to become skilled and productive workers when they become part of the labor force (Taladtad Bala, 2010). It is said that education is primarily concerned with the opening out to the world of the students so that he can choose his interests and mode of living, and his career. (Taladtad, 2010) On the other hand, training is primarily concerned with the preparing the participants from certain lines of action, which are delineated by technology and by the organization in which he works. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The most effective method to develop the competence and skills of students is trough hands – on training – the on-the-job training. This process exposes the students to the different fields and learned. Moreover, it allows the students to become familiar and made known with the actual operation of the business and the state-of-the-art of the facilities, equipment and technology used (Rodelas, 2010). On-the-Job Training is a type of skill development where a student learns how to do the work through hands-on experience. This is in contrast to skill formation that is purely cognitive or perceptual. (Cyprus, 2012) OJT generally gives the trainee the opportunity to work in the same place and with the same equipment that will be used regularly which can make it an efficient approach to learn new things. As a senior student, taking up a degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, it is a must for us to undergo 600 hours training in a company. Before the semester starts, the trainee looked a company where to spend the on-the-job training. The company that the trainee is applying for must be related to the trainee’s field of specialization, where she can apply the skills and knowledge learned. On-the-job training is a training that takes place at the work site and is supervised by a manager or an experienced co-worker. Certain job requires on-the-job training under the policy of the individual employer. For the students, OJT is the main method of acquiring human capital along with education. It helps the student enhancing their capability of work and develops their knowledge and skills by performing in actual work setting through day to day experience. On the other hand, a trainee also gives big help to the company, because they provide additional manpower to lessen their labor cost. Trainees can also contribute an idea that eventually helps in improving the organization’s productivity. On-the-job training also helps the trainee recognize its strong and weak points in the field of working. It allows the trainee to initiate ways to modify his/her weaknesses into a capability that could be a big help as the trainee is already in the real working environment. B. Objectives of On-The-Job Training 1. To enhance the student’s knowledge and skills acquired in the classroom in order to become more responsive to the demands of Information Technology (IT) Profession. 2. To develop the value of professionalism, love of work and commitment to people they serve. 3. To apply the relevant theories of IT profession and Code of Ethics into practice. 4. To feel and experience the actual world of work in computerized services. Goals of On-The-Job Training 1. Help you get back to work. 2. Bridge the gap between your current skills and the skills the employer is looking for. 3. Promote good paying jobs and career advancement. 4. Reimburse the cost of training and eligible worker to the hiring employer. D. Time and Place of Training The training was conducted from June 17, 2013 to October 11, 2013 at Rural Bank of Maasin (Southern Leyte), Inc. – Bontoc Branch (RBM – Bontoc) situated at Polacion, Bontoc, Southern Leyte. The training period covered a total period of 632 hours and 19 minutes. E. Definition of Terms Amortization. The process of reducing debt through regular installment payments of principal and interest that will result in the payoff of a loan at its maturity. Automated Teller Machine (ATM). A machine, activated by a magnetically encoded card or other medium that can process a variety of banking transactions. These include accepting deposits and loan payments, providing withdrawals, and transferring funds between accounts. Collateral. Assets that are offered to secure a loan or other credit. For example, if you get a real estate mortgage, the banks collateral is typically your house. Collateral becomes subject to seizure on default. Co-Maker. Person who signs a note to guarantee a loan made to another person and is jointly liable with the maker for repayment of the loan. (Also known as a Co-signer. ) Debit. A debit may be an account entry representing money you owe a lender or money that has been taken from your deposit account. Insurance (Hazard). Insurance to protect the homeowner and the lender against physical damage to a property from sources such as but not limited to fire, wind, or vandalism. Interest Rate. The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lenders money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. Mortgage. A debt instrument used in a real estate transaction where the property is the collateral for the loan. A mortgage gives the lender a right to take possession of the property if the borrower fails to pay off the loan. Passbook. A book in ledger form in which are recorded all deposits, withdrawals, and earnings of a customers savings account. A. Training Venue Profile Brief History of Rural Bank of Maasin – Bontoc Branch Rural Bank of Maasin (Southern Leyte), Inc. – Bontoc Branch (RBM – Bontoc) was organized on 1975. It started with meager resources of less than a million pesos. Now, it has grown to more or less P40 million in resources. Its board of directors is composed of 7 members who are in control of the management and staff of 11. It operates in the City of Maasin and neighboring towns of Southern Leyte. Company Vision and Mission Vision A financial stable, progressive, dynamic and service oriented financial institution, able to attain it’s goals and services for which the bank has been organized. To promote professional fund management to provide satisfaction to our clientele, the government and the community which we serve. B. To promote the habit and thrift, savings and investment among its clientele and stockholder. C. To attain growth rate in resources of at least 10% a year. D. To determine strategies and targets to insure attainment of the bank’s vision. D. Company Code of Conduct We shall attend and actively participate in board meetings whether regular or special, including voting formation and making policies and other duties as maybe prescribed by laws and regulations. We shall not interfere in the operation and responsibilities of recruitment and promotion except that this is in accordance in the policy and guidelines of the bank. We shall attend training programs pertaining to policy development and understanding of operations of the organization to make us more knowledgeable and competent with the discharge of our duties and responsibilities. We shall not speak in behalf of the Board unless properly authorized to do so. We shall treat information acquired by reason of our office as member of the board with confidentiality. We shall not abuse our position to obtain advantage for family relatives, ourselves and or demonstrate any abuse of authority. We shall avoid at all-time any conflict of interest with respect to our fiduciary responsibility as board member. We shall serve loyally without self-interest, and free from conflict with other commitments. Should we disagree with any board decision, we shall clearly state that our view is personal in a manner so as not to prejudice and put into embarrassing compromise the integrity of the organization. Finally, we shall observe fairness, accountability and transparency in our dealings, either collectively or individually as members of the board and invoke, at all times, the guidance of the Divine Providence. Company Commitment We hereby commit faithfully to abide by the foregoing code of Good Governance. Any breach of the said Code of Good Governance shall be recorded by the Board of Directors. Any violator thereof shall be subjected to caution, admonition, reprimand or disqualification. Accountability and Responsibility of Personnel A. Branch Manager Is responsible for the overall strategic planning and direction of the company or organization. B. Senior Teller Provides timely and courteous service to the membership, including, but not limited to: general account information, account transactions, maintenance, and routine problems resolution. Conduct transactions on member accounts accurately and in accordance with established policies, procedures, state and federal regulations. Responsible for vault cash and for mentoring and guiding tellers on the teller line. C. Accounting Clerk An accounting clerk is a financial record keeper who uses specialized ledgers and software to record and process expenditures, receipts, payroll and all other financial transactions for a business or organization. D. Loan Clerk Is one who works in a bank, and whose primary responsibilities involve recording, creating, and maintaining loan paperworks. Loan clerks way have a number of possible job responsibilities, including interviewing loan applicants, completing loan application paperwork, performing credit checks, and creating the final loan paperwork among others. E. Bookkeeper (or book-keeper) Known as an accounting clerk or accounting technician, is person who records the day-to-day financial transactions of an organization. A bookkeeper is usually responsible for writing the â€Å"daybooks†. The daybooks consist of purchases, sales, receipts, and payments. The bookkeeper is responsible for ensuring all transactions are recorded in the correct day book, supplier’s ledger, costumer ledger and general ledger. F. Loan Analyst Is assigned in the review and analysis of financial information and loan documents. G. OJT A student who is being trained at the company. ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN AT RBM BONTOC BRANCH June 17, 2013, was the day that the trainee started her On-The-Job training at Rural Bank of Maasin – Bontoc located at Poblacion, Bontoc, Southern Leyte. On her first day on the bank the branch manager, Allan A. Cabilao welcomed the trainee and introduced the employees and the rules and regulations in the bank. After that, the branch manager then assigned me my first task. The following are the activities undertaken by the trainee: 1. Typing of Documents Using a Typewriter The trainee was tasked to type some files and documents that are useful in the loans department. There is already a paper that the trainee will just fill some important information on it from the applicants using a typewriter. Files to type: Cash Flows Collection Letters Envelops for Collection Letters 2. Answering a Telephone Call When all the staffs were all busy with their respective works; the trainee was the one who will answer a telephone call. In answering a telephone call, the trainee speaks slowly and clearly so that the caller can understand what the trainee says and projecting a tone that is cheerful, confident, enthusiastic, and helpful. Also, the trainee uses a standard greeting such as â€Å"good morning†, if the caller calls in the morning and â€Å"good afternoon† if it is afternoon. When the caller wants to talk to some employees in the bank, the trainee will then tell the caller to wait and gave the telephone to the employee whom the caller wants to talk to. 3. Assisting of Applicants There were applicants that they don’t even know how to write and fill-up the forms that’s why the trainee assisted the applicants who open and closed their accounts in the bank, withdrawing and depositing savings accounts. To those who open new accounts the applicant must fill-up the following: Specimen Signature Ledger Depositor’s Information Sheet Deposit Slip In withdrawing savings account the costumer must fill-up the withdrawal slip while in depositing savings account; the costumer must fill-up the deposit slip. Before submitting the filled-up papers to the senior teller, the trainee must check if all the papers were all filled-up and if the costumer comply all the requirements. 4. Assisting the Senior Teller Every 3:30 PM, the bank will be close so there will be no more transactions to be accepted. At this time, the senior teller will make the teller’s blotter, teller’s proof sheet and also tickets and these reports must be done quickly because this will be submitted to the bookkeeper before 5:00 PM. That’s why the trainee will assist the senior teller by putting a paper on the printer and cutting the debit and credit tickets. 5. Photocopying of Documents The trainee was the one who will photocopy some documents to the Salina’s store because there is no Xerox machine in the bank. Salina’s store is just located near at the back of the bank so it is just a little walk. There were times that the Salina’s Store is closed or there Xerox Machine experienced some technical problems, so the trainee will go to the other store that is a little bit far just to have a photocopy. Sometimes the trainee experienced sluggishness because some employees in the bank do not gave all the papers that must have a photocopy, so the trainee will go back again in the store, especially if it is far and the temperature of the environment is very hot and dusty. But, even though that was the case that trainee tried her best to be low-tempered and self-disciplined. Filing of Documents The trainee was tasked to file some documents on the folders such as the working files, collection letter and the ledger. In filing the collection letters and working files, it must be arranged according to the surname of applicants while on the ledger it must be arranged according to its number. Ledgers are arranged every after the clerk is done recording it. If there is no folder for the documents to file the trainee was the one who will make folders. It takes almost a week to file all the documents by the trainee. 7. Making the SOLECO Daily Report Because the senior teller was not that enhanced in using the computer, the trainee was the one who will make the SOLECO report every after printing the daily collection from the CEBCOS. In making the report, here are some points to check: Total Collection (total check total cash) based from the deposit slip of the SOLECO The trainee must check whether the total collection is equal to the deposit slip of the SOLECO and if it is not equal, the trainee will ask the senior teller for assistance. Used OR (DCR) No. Used OR (DCR) No. , refers to the numbers of official receipt that was used throughout the day. The trainee must check whether the used OR (DCR) No. in the report from the database of the CEBCOS system is equal to the copy of official receipts from the collections of the senior teller. Used OR (Bills) No. Used OR (Bills) No. is always the same in every report. Unused OR (DCR) No. Unused OR (DCR) No. , refers the unused official receipt throughout the day, Unused OR (DCR) No. is based on the left official receipt in the volt. Unused OR (Bills) No. Unused OR (Bills) No. is also the same in every report. ORES No. ORES No. is also the same in every report. The SOLECO report must be made daily that’s why trainee makes sure to make the report before 5:00 PM. After making the report, the trainee will then distribute it to the employees who must have a signature on it such as the branch manager, Allan A. Cabilao, the bookkeeper in the bank, Dhalia A. Franca, then the senior teller, Norma N. Sumodlayon. The report will then be kept by the senior teller. This report is very useful in recognizing those consumers who pay in that day because some consumers claim to the SOLECO employees who will cut the electricity that they already pay on their bills within the month. Also, through this report, they knew the total collections throughout the day, whether they gain more or less. 8. Checking the Proof sheet Before submitting the proof sheet to the auditor, it must have a signature of all the employees so that the bank will not be reported to the board of directors. So, the trainee was the one who checks the proof sheet and if there is no signature the trainee was also the responsible to have a signature on it. 9. Reporting Reconnections to the SOLECO office SOLECO employees cuts the connection of electricity to those consumers who do not pay their bills every end of the month, that’s why the trainee was the one who will call the main office of SOLECO which is located at Sogod, Southern Leyte to those consumers who wants to have a reconnection of electricity. In reporting the reconnection consumers, the trainee must specify the address of the consumer so that the SOLECO employees who connect the electricity don’t have a hard time in finding the right place/address of the consumer. Using a telephone, the trainee experienced a simple way in reporting the reconnection. ACTIVITIES RELATED TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY These activities are related to the trainee’s field of specialization: 1. Operating the Computerized Electric Billing and Collection System (CEBCOS) Before the trainee operated the system, the senior teller of the bank, Norma N. Sumodlayon first oriented on how to operate the system. Here are the steps in operating the system: On the desktop, right click the icon of the system that has a file name/ Then click open or double click the icon. The login window will then appear in which only the senior teller must input the username and password of the system. If the username password are correct another window will appear that contains the operations you want to do. For collecting SOLECO bill payments, left click on the online tellering icon and choose on the combo box for the collection site which is MAIN OFFICE then click ok. Based on the statement of account of the consumer, enter the account number of the consumer then press enter. The information of the consumer will then appear in which you must check the consumer name and amount due of the consumer. If the information is balance to the statement of account of the consumer, you now enter the amount received from the consumer then always enter to print the official receipt. There were also cases that the consumer’s account is in create bill. In creating a bill, click on the create bill button, on the create bill window, enter the bill month and the account number of the consumer then click the view button. The information of the consumer will then appear, if it is correct based on the statement of account of the consumer, you then enter present reading, reading date and the meter reader from the statement of account of the consumer then click save. After saving, you then repeat the steps in printing the official receipt. If the consumer has already meet the deadline in paying, you must click on the combo box near the account # of the consumer, then click ok on the information window to add penalty on the consumer. To see whether the consumer must have a penalty, you must compare the date of paying to the deadline of payment from the statement of account of the consumer. In printing the report for the entire consumer who pay within the day, click on the softcopy collection report window, enter the date from and date to in the by date collection center combo box. After it, you now enter on the textbox the DCR No. you wish to print, and then click the preview daily collection button then print. Sometimes the trainee experienced difficulties in operating the CEBCOS due to some problems, such as when the system is offline due to a network error and if the connection is low specially when it is rainy. Also, sometimes the main office changes the IP Address, password and username of the system without informing the senior teller. But, with these difficulties the trainee learned many things. 2. Printing of Documents There are documents that are useful in daily transaction on the bank and also monthly reports to submit so the trainee was tasked to print the documents if the trainee is available. Here are some documents to print: Trip Ticket Router Slip Mailing List Collection Letters Cash Disbursement Record Monthly Minutes Monthly Minutes Central Collateral Register Report List of Dormant Accounts Average Daily Cash Holding – 30 day period These documents were already encoded in the computer, so the trainee will just print it using a printer. Sometimes, these tasks were not performed specially if the printer was not available or some employees use the printer and also if the printer do not work properly. 3. Sending and Receiving a Fax The trainee was obliged to send documents to the main office such as reports of the loan analyst and the bookkeeper using a fax machine and also receiving documents. In performing this task, the trainee simply obtain the fax number of the fax machine and dialed it, then pressing the â€Å"fax† or â€Å"send† button. The fax machine will then scan the document and when the trainee hears the fax tone, a confirmation window will then appear that only means that the task was performed successfully. 4. Installing a Printer The senior teller, Ms. Norma N. Sumodlayon, was the one who assisted the trainee on how to install the printer. Due to some problems on the printer from the table of the senior teller, the trainee swaps the printer from the SOLECO printer to the table of the senior teller so that the work of the senior teller would be convenient. 5. Backing – up of Files The trainee was also assigned to back – up some important files and documents that have been done in the bank. Backing – up refers to making a copy of a data so that these additional copies maybe used to restore the original after a data loss. Every file needs to have a back – up, so that whatever happens to the original file, there is still a copy. 6. Encoding of Documents The trainee was tasked to encode some documents for the daily transactions of the bank. Here are the documents to be encoded by the trainee: Monthly minutes Central Collateral Register Report List of Dormant Accounts Average Daily Cash Holding – 30 day period Mailing List Collection Letters CONCLUSION The longer you do something, the more you learn. The faster you gain knowledge, the more you become a productive employee. On-the-job training involves a program designed to teach the trainee what they must know and must do in order to complete their tasks successfully. It is a great pleasure to have the Rural Bank of Maasin (Southern Leyte), Inc. as the trainee’s work site. Because of those experiences it gives good opportunities to the trainee especially in the activities which are related to the trainee’s field of specialization. Through RBM- Bontoc, the trainee learned many things; from simple tasks to complicated. And also provides the trainee a stimulating atmosphere during my on-the-job training. This firm develops my self-confidence. On-the-job training is of theoretical significance because it represents a form of education that stands in sharp contrast to schooling. Learning in school is divorced from practice. On-the-job training programs offer an array of formats for relating learning to practice that may very well useful in settings other than workplace. Therefore, training gives more knowledge and learning to the students, Trainees can get more ideas from their superiors that will eventually develop and enrich their critical and thinking skills. Through training, the students are already prepared for the actual work. PROLEMS MET DURING THE ON-THE-JOB TRAINING During the on-the-job training, the trainee experienced some unfamiliar job assignments such as using the type writer, operating the CEBCOS and other tasks that were new to the trainee. The trainee had a hard time in using the typewriter because it is the trainee’s first time to use it and also in operating the CEBCOS but these problems was encountered with the help of the employees of Rural Bank of Maasin – Bontoc Branch. Sometimes, the trainee committed failures but these were the â€Å"spices† in making her work better. The trainee also had a difficulty in adjusting new people and environment but these were successfully conquered by the trainee with the help of the employees in the bank. With these problems the trainee learned a lot that could be useful in the future. According to Anthony Robbins â€Å"Every problem is a gift without problems we would not grow. † I am very much thankful for the problems I’ve encountered during the on-the-job training because with these problems I learned a lot and pushed me to strive harder. Without these problems I will not grow in my field of specialization and as being me. LESSONS LEARNED They say that nothing beats experience, as my professor would say, as the perfect learning tool. For some students, on-the-job training gives them a taste of the real world–a glimpse of what lies ahead after they graduate. Though this is not where I see my future in I have learned quite a lot that will carry on with me for the rest of my life. One important thing I learned is do something you truly love to do and you will always be happy doing it. I have also learned that building relationships is really important. I also had lots of memorable experiences, some are good and some are bad. I learned to sacrifice a lot of things; I hardly have time for anything else. Start with what you know, and remove the unknown. Simply put, begin at the beginning and then work on how to solve the problems one at a time. I learned it’s best to do and show your best. Ask your boss if they have some work for you to do. You never know; they might hire you after the internship or in the future. I think studying is harder than working, though; the real world is easier than college. I learned through experience how to interact and communicate with people. Knowing how to handle and tackle different issues and still be diplomatic in both action and words is important. It will be so exciting in the ‘real’ world, being independent and figuring things out on your own. This also means having to deal with different people more often, so it is really good to know what you’re doing, and to love it. All we can do as students is to learn whatever we can in school, be inspired, love the path we take, and finally do our best in everything we do, with a positive outlook in mind. One of the most important things that I learned is that talent alone is not enough. It is important, but it is no guarantee of success. One must also be hard-working and should practice self-discipline. Sacrifice is important, too. Through Rural Bank of Maasin – Bontoc Branch, I learned many things and discover new things, ideas and exploring anything that gives big help in molding me and adding such as in dealing with the customers, with the employees, and also in dealing with myself. RECOMMENDATIONS To lessen the difficulties during on-the-job training, follow this: 1. The trainee should be confident in facing trials. The trainee should be confident in facing trials, for this will help not only the trainee as well as the company to overcome failures. Because being affected by trials will lead to failure and not only the trainee’s reputation will be affected but the company as well. 2. The trainee must have strong determination in life. The trainee must have a strong determination in life, because if you are determined enough to fulfill things accurately, the employer would maybe decide to absorb the trainee due to the very satisfied service that the trainee rendered to the company. The trainee should work hard and focus on her work. The trainee should work hard and focus on her work in order to not commit mistakes in doing the job and get compliments from the employer as well as the co-employees. 4. Listen carefully to the instructions of the heads. The trainee must listen carefully to the instructions of the heads because they possessed enough knowledge with regards to the nature of the working environment that also allows the trainee to learn and gain more knowledge about the job and the company. 5. Follow and respect their decisions. The trainee must follow and respect the employer’s/head’s decision for they are the authorized individuals to decide for the companies good. This attitude will also help the trainee to gain good relationship to the heads as well as help him/her to get good impressions and performance rate from the heads. 6. Think positively and enjoy the work. Think positively and enjoy the work will help the trainee to always overcome all the challenges that he/she encounters without experiencing depressions in the end of the day. Just be yourself and they’ll like you. Just be yourself and they’ll like you, for showing your real character will allow others to convey with the trainee comfortably that can also help in making good relationship to other employees. 8. The trainee should have to get along with the employees. The trainee should have to get along with the employees would help the trainee to learn techniques in making the work effective and also to learn more things about the company coming from their advice that could make you a better trainee.

Tyler LeBlanc Essays (914 words) - Criminology, Feminist Theory

Tyler LeBlanc Essays (914 words) - Criminology, Feminist Theory Tyler LeBlanc 4/29/2017 CRJ/362 Females Women are believed to be gentle harmless beings that play a small role in society as housekeepers,Child supporters, and servants of men. This view is due to gender roles that are implemented throughout patriarchal households nationwide. Patriarchy is the social system that Men in family's hold complete authority over women and children. Some females in these households at a young age feel the gender constraint and adhere to committing crimes in act of rebellion. Others motives for female criminal participation would be poverty,educational problems, physical/sexual abuse, and poor family ties. In this paper I will address and analyze the motives for Rosie Olpara (Jokey) and Mara Lupe-Sarah, participation in gang activities , and how their activities play into the Strain theory and Cultural Deviance theory. First, I will address Rosie Olpara (Jokey) she is twenty one years of age and a member of the Drifters, a Mexican gang originated out of the East L.A neighborhoods. I believe jokey's gang/criminal involvement derives from the cultural deviance theory. Jokey is a victim of a extremely violent neighborhood, she seen first hand the thrills of drugs,fighting, and the gained clout of being a drifter before even joining the group as she befriended several member's through relations of same everyday struggles. Rosie was offered a academic scholarship to attend college and make a honest living for herself , however she turned down the opportunity as she claimed she would never be satisfied living that life. I belief jokey also joined the Drifters as the gang of misfits gave Rosie a sense of belonging. Discussion of the Olphar household was fairly faint, but Rosie's parents seem to be fairly distant with little family unity. Jokey describes the gang as her "Family" and she would do an ything for them, however grew disgust when pondering upon the question if she loved her father. Her father almost disowns the young women do to her criminal behavior learned from her rough neighborhood. I would also classify jokey's deviant actions under the social strain theory.Rosie works the corners selling drugs to obtain money,as she has no education working fast food would be the only other occupation she could obtain Jokey despite her belief that she is equal to her male gang member counterparts, adheres to some gender role expectations. Jokey is carrying the child of another gang member, despite her awareness of the likelihood he would disappear as he had a history to do so in the past. He even states that we probably won't be involved in the child's life She understands that she was used as a sex object. Rosie and other female gang members also adhere to the needs of their men counterparts as they construct and design there apperal. The next female gang member I'm going to address is Marah Lupe-Sarah she is twenty years of age. The Lupe-Sarah family was a patriarchal family, as her mother was a housewife and her father was the breed winner. However, life took a drastic turn for the Lupe-Sarah family as Marah's father the only source of income for the family was killed. Marah's mother stepped up to the plate and obtained two jobs to pay household bills. Marah was subjected to a lonely life as her mom was always working, so she joined a south LA Mexican gang by the name of Tapa 13. She like other gang members motive for joining the group was to obtain a feeling of belonging, and family. Marah breaks gender barriers as she is not only a member of this violent gang but one of their leader's. Her position as a female gang leader is impressive as she shoots guns and sells drugs just as her male counterpart.Most females of gang affiliation are typically used as sex objects, being tossed around from member to member . Another broken barrier in my mind is her smarts, as she is still on the street and works at a law firm. Some might think she is a idiot by doing so, however she's getting easy fast money from the streets and reaping the benefits of the high pay of working a white collar job. She also has a strong allaby if

Information Systems Has Revolutionized the Way We Work Essay

Information Systems Has Revolutionized the Way We Work - Essay Example The government employees and other officials that actively participate within the e-government program have also witnessed significant change in their work and delivery of services (Chadwick, 2006). The development of e-government framework and platforms has been necessitated by the need to improve citizen participation in government service delivery charter. The need for more citizen participation has been enhanced by the current democratization that has witnessed more and more citizens getting involved in the activities of their governments. The participation of citizens in the government activities occurs at different fronts and this has been necessitated by the current advancements in information systems (Axelsson & Melin, 2008). Most countries have implemented the e-participation program and this has improved the overall service delivery to the public. The first country to implement an e-government program was the United States, which worked towards developing a platform that it s citizens could interact by government officials at different levels. Other countries such as the United Kingdom and countries in Europe have also followed suit and integrated the applications of information systems into the programs (Farrell, 2011). The development of portal systems in the United Kingdom has been necessitated by the discovery of the internet and more advanced computer applications. Through the portal U in the country, government employees have been empowered on how to monitor environmental degradation from their workstations. This portal enables the workers to identify sectors of the economy with the highest greenhouse gas emission in the country and respond diligently. It also provides a platform for the public to register their concerns over the... This report stresses that information system has completely revolutionized the way we conduct business, interact with the government, do politics and search for jobs. Today the world is a one stop shop where at a dial of a button, an individual is connected to different people across the globe. Through the advancements in information systems, government has been opened for increased citizen participation in different aspects of government functionality. Information systems has also led to the advancement in the use of the internet which has provided room for the improvement in different business activities and communication between organizations and their consumers, business partners and suppliers. The development of information systems has significantly changed different avenues including how we deliver our jobs, live our lives and interact with our friends. However, this technology has produced insignificant revolutionary experience to how work is done generally. This paper makes a conclusion that despite the lack of revolutionary impact on the way we work and conduct businesses, information systems has significantly changed our lives and made work relatively easier. The speed of communication and the nature of conducting business transactions have been improved as compared to the years before its introduction. This paper has discussed how the advances in information systems have affected our lives and how it has advanced service delivery and citizen participation in e-governments.

The Step in the Design of Effective Teaching and Learning Programs Essay

The Step in the Design of Effective Teaching and Learning Programs - Essay Example Assessment that enhances learning recognizes that learners use their current understanding to discover, develop and incorporate new knowledge, understanding and skills. Assessment for learning helps teachers and students to know if that current understanding is a suitable basis for future learning. assessment influence student learning and learning processes. This involves using assessment activities to clarify student understanding of concepts and planning ways to remedy misconceptions and promote deeper understanding. Assessment for learning encourages self-assessment and peer assessment. Students can develop and use a range of strategies to actively monitor and evaluate their own learning and the learning strategies they use. The feedback that students receive from completing assessment activities will help teachers and students decide whether they are ready for the next phase of learning or whether they need further learning experiences to consolidate their knowledge, understanding and skills. Teachers should consider the effect that assessment and feedback have on student motivation and self-esteem, and the importance of the active involvement of students in their own learning. Marking guidelines and/or criteria for judging performance reflect the nature and intention of the activity and will be expressed in terms of the knowledge and skills demanded by the activity relative to the outcomes, to be gathered and reported of a poster evaluation sheet. During the teaching-learning experiences leading to the presentation of their poster, students will receive oral and/or teacher feedback in relation to: The aim of feedback is to communicate to students how well their knowledge, understanding and skills are developing in relation to the outcomes. Feedback enables students to recognize their strengths and areas for  development and to plan with their teacher the next steps in their learning. They are then given opportunities to improve and further develop their knowledge, understanding and skills.

Performance Measurement System Of Tm Berhad

Performance Measurement System Of Tm Berhad Performance measurement system is defined as a set of measurable criteria and methodology to enable performance to be measured objectively. It comprises of financial and non-financial manners to establish and monitor the progress of organization towards its vision. In the past, organization used the financial measures to assess the performance of senior managements while non-financial measures were used to evaluate the performance of lower level of management. It is inappropriate to use the financial measure to examine the outcomes and not well-suited for predicting future prospect as the outcomes are the consequences of past performance. Thus, performance measurement systems were developed to merge the financial and non-financial measures at all level of the organization in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the management. The best known performance measurement framework is balanced scorecard introduced by Kaplan and Norton in early 1990s. The balanced scorecard approach retained measures of financial performance on past performance and supplemented them with the assessment on the strategic planning in order to drive the organization towards its vision. It maps an organizations strategic objectives into performance metrics in four perspectives: financial, internal processes, customers, and learning and growth. The term balanced signifies that the system is balanced between internal measures of business processes, innovation and learning and growth and external performance perspectives measures for customers and shareholders. It is then followed by the term scorecard which signifies quantified performance measures. In a nutshell, balanced scorecard contains four main processes. The process of balanced scorecard is begin with clarify and translate the organizations vision into strategy. Then, the strategic management will communicate and link strategic objectives and measures. Next process is planning, setting targets and aligning strategic initiatives. Lastly, balanced scorecard enhances strategic feedback and learning. Organization quantifies its current performance to identify where it is on its strategic capability building journey and predict possible changing business environment in future. This information provides relevant feedback as to how well the strategic plan is executing so that adjustments can be made as necessary. This article is primarily discussed on the growing importance of balanced scorecard performance systems and exploring the issues faced by the organization in building and implementing balance scorecard systems. b. Challenges in Performance Measurement System The used of balanced scorecard is very helpful in monitoring the management of the organization but it is very challenging as the implementation is very costly. It requires some cost in setting up this system such as software licenses expense and installation cost. This will results in large sum of money being expense before profit is generated. Besides, the needs of expertise to implement a comprehensive and proper system will consequently increases the cost of management as well. Different business unit using the different balanced scorecard measures to achieve its goal. In general, balanced scorecard consists of two types of measure. There are common measure (measures across all subsidiaries or units) and unique measure (measure each business unit). The use of unique measures in order to carry out the system is tough because unique measures are significant in capturing the units business strategy. If the manager does not actively participating in evaluating one units performance, thus significance of the unique measures may not be appreciated. The four perspectives in a well-designed balanced scorecard form a chain of cause-and-effect relationships that determine the effectiveness of the strategy implementation. Proper implementation will results in excellent performance. However, it is not easy to identify and establish the cause and effect relationship. Inappropriate measure will result in negative outcomes. Managers realize and understand that there are strong linkages between customer satisfactions, employees satisfactions, financial performance, internal business process and companys learning and growth activities. Nevertheless, the balanced scorecard system does not provide the detail guidelines on to how to improve performance to achieve organizations goals. In addition, balanced scorecard system need to be updated constantly. This update is useful as it requires repositioning with changing of strategies or company structure in order to keep in pace with the complex business environment. However, constant updating of balance scorecard may be tedious and time consuming. Lastly, lack of integration and communication of the objectives of the organization at difference level of management would cause the lower level of employees cant see the big picture of the system. Implementation of the balanced scorecard requires commitment from all management levels, especially companys top organizational structure. Most of them refuse to coordinate in the system because they may view the system as a threat that implies they have underperformed in the past. c. Advantages of Performance Measurement System First of all, balance scorecard is very reliable as it clearly defines financial and nonfinancial information to all parts of the organization. The traditional financial statements has failed to confine accurately the type of measurements those companies need around a profit sector. This is proven when all the intangible assets such as quality of services and skilful employees do not show on balance sheet compared with the balance scorecard that shows all those intangible assets in the balance sheet. The value of a company will be invisible to the workers, shareholders, customers and the society due to the unwritten intangible assets in the balance sheet. Secondly, balanced scorecard is useful in evaluating and planning for long-term strategy. In a traditional method, organizations only focus on short-term financial measures while balanced scorecard include customer, internal processes and the growth in societys needs. It is useful in a longer term strategic dimension as managers can measure performance in building key capabilities and examining on the overall strategic workability. Thirdly, balance scorecard enhances strategic feedback and learning. In this process of monitoring the system, the management evaluates the present performance of the company, how the strategies are going on in the company and identify the potential changes in the unpredictable surroundings. This information is useful for the purpose of decision making to ensure the organization is achieving towards its goal. Fourthly, balanced scorecard could be used as a measure of employees reward performance. When the individual exceeds the particular threshold levels, they will be rewarded for the excellent financial performance. It is proven that balanced scorecard makes some improvements if compared with the past performance measurements systems that did not often measure the employees performance which link to corporate strategy. Lastly, the balanced scorecard attempts to evaluate both the internal and external aspects of the organization. It is important to focus on the customers views and the contacts that have been established in the market-place on order to build long-term relationship with the potential customers. The learning and growth perspective encourage creativity and advance in information system in order to response quickly to the rapid changing in the global market. d. Central issue of the articles The first issue is the implementation of balanced scorecard in an organization. Each company should have its own version of the scorecard as different companies require different measurements, which are essential in achieving the company strategy. The most commonly used measurement categories are financial goals, customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, productivity, and growth and innovation. A well-defined balanced scorecard should result in improved internal management system, greater customers satisfaction, educated employees and increased in financial usage. Identification, definition and integration of organizations capabilities with its objectives in all levels of the organization from top to down are essential to sustain long-term superior return in the competitive environment. Interaction within the organization is important to avoid optimizing the results of one business unit at the expense of others. In this stage of planning, setting targets and aligning strategic in itiatives, management will set ambitious but achievable targets for each perspective and initiatives are developed to align efforts to reach the targets. Lastly, the executives receive feedback on whether the strategy implementation is proceeding according to plan and evaluate whether the strategy itself is successful or control and corrective action is necessary to reflect real time learning. These four functions have made the Balanced Scorecard an effective management system for the implementation of short-term and long-term strategic planning. Besides, the four perspectives in the balanced scorecard are inter-dependent. It is not just a balance of measures in essential areas of the business, but also a balance of goals versus accountability. The reluctant of the people in the organization to accept accountability for achievement of the balanced measures and goals of the balanced scorecard will result in failure in balanced scorecard system. In the case study of Big W, has not only built competencies into each step of its performance management system but has now incorporated competencies in all position descriptions for store managers and buyers to extend their experience in areas other than that in which they are presently employed. Therefore, the human capital of the organization is the key to the success of the balanced scorecard system. The second issue is balanced scorecard will evolve as the culture change. Once the balanced scorecard is developed, it should immediately implement into the organizational system. It assists to link groups and individuals to the strategy by understanding the linkage of cause-and-effect relationship. This linkage enables them to understand the overall performance of the organization. For example, advanced in information system will leads to efficiency in information management and eventually save the cost of handling bulky information. Thus, the organizational culture is a one of the key factors of success or failure of implementation of balanced scorecard. Besides, organizational culture has also interceded entity learning. Entity learning is a driving force behind the successful implementation of balanced scorecard. The article mentions that there must be an understanding, commitment and support from the top levels of the company down to the lowest ranks. If there is any change in culture in any level of the organization, balanced scorecard performance will be affected. Therefore, new approach, new tings and new goals have to be developed and be adopted to make the balanced scorecard more balanced and effective. Management need to be alert with the changes in organization culture so that balanced scorecard system is designed in accordance with the culture. The next issue is customers play a significant role in determining the prospect of an organization. The customer perspectives in the balanced scorecard measure on how should the organization present itself to its customers in order to achieve its vision. The four perspectives that introduced by the balanced scorecard are useful to evaluate the overall performance of the business. In conjunction with this, customers are able to see the time dimension of the business that going from the bottom to top and the profitability of the past, present and future. Moreover, balanced scorecard includes the measurement of customers perspective aim to increase customer satisfaction to ensure the ultimate wants of customers are fulfilled. Thus, the objective of the organization must be always being designed according to the current market demand. Conclusion As we embark on the twenty-first century, managers are challenged by sweeping changes in the global arena. The implementation of balanced scorecard is essential to assists in the execution of corporate strategy in order to sustain in the competitive environment. Balanced scorecard encourages employees to act in accordance with desired goals of the company by reward them accordingly to their performance. Management has to be aware of the potential limitations of balanced scorecard and overcome the problems by designing the system that well-suited the organization. In a nutshell, balanced scorecard should be tailored for each part of the organization driven by the objective of the organization to make the balanced scorecard even more balanced and effective in supporting a living, growing, feasible organization in the competitive environment. 2. a. Introduction Telekom Malaysia is the largest integrated communications solutions provider in Malaysia and one of Asias leading Communications companies. Telekom Malaysia has officially changed its global brand from Telekom Malaysia to TM in 2005. The vision is to become Malaysias leading new generation communications by providing customers with innovative and excellent service environment. TM has a monopoly on the fixed line network, data, mobile, internet and multimedia. It combines satellite, terrestrial and submarine fibred-optic cable systems to facilitate the regional and international telecommunications. TMs core businesses are focused in Retail, Wholesale and Global Business. Besides, TM acquired Celcom and TMTouch to raise industry standards, provided product and service benchmarks in the country. Apart from that, TM Net is now the sole DSL broadband provider in the country. It offers a comprehensive range of services and solutions in broadband, data and fixed line. In addition, TMs investment philosophy is to play an active role in its international operations as well as to provide opportunities for wealth creation among the local population for social welfares purposes. b. Discussion of the Performance Measurement System used in the company. TM is using BSC to translate their visions and companys strategies into a set of measureable objectives that can be interpreted into some meaningful form as a check list to monitor the performance of the company. Basically, the BSC used by TM is an e-BSC where it uses an online system called MAPS (appendix) to allow employees to key in their performance according to different areas concerned in the scorecard and monitor by each division managers. The main concern of financial perspective will be to grow revenue profitably and to manage cost effectively, customer perspective is to delight the customers while creating the synergy with partners, internal business process is on execution of projects and plans on whether they are done effectively and the organizational learning and growth is to boost human capital execution capacity. The implementation of BSC in TM consists of three stages, which are business planning, performance cycle and then finally lead to a performance-based rewards system. In business planning, BSC and individual Key Performance Indicator (KPI) are developed in this stage where the KPI is used to measure the key performance in a specific division of the company. BSC is developed through a process of six steps which include: Firstly is to understand and develop the business strategic direction of TM and for example the vision of TM is to be Malaysias leading new generation communications provider, embracing customer needs through innovation and execution excellence and the mission is to strive towards customer service excellence, enrich consumer lifestyle and experience, deliver value to stakeholders and improve the performance of our business customers. From these two statements it is clear that TM is stressing highly on customers satisfaction and so its direction is clearly stated in its vision and mission statement (TM Annual Report, 2008). Next is to decompose those TMs visions and missions into smaller components called objectives that can drive the performance and measurable. With those components, TM Group top management now will be able to create a strategy map using cause-effect linkages for example, how an objective is dependent on another objective. A strategy map (appendix) is important in BSC as it is the fundamental part of it to achieve towards the objectives of the company and drive it towards the vision. In step 5 is to develop KPI (appendix) to measure and target to track strategic and operational progress of the company to see if it has achieved the desired outcomes of the objectives. Lastly is to identify the key strategic initiatives as a way to ensure the achievement of strategic objectives for example funding of resource and implementation mechanisms. In MAPS System, an individual employee will log into the system and key in their personal information and then the division scorecard will be displayed. This is the part where employees are required to submit their performance into the online system MAPS for the company to track their performance into a KPI template (appendix) provided in the system. Then, employees are required to choose the areas that are relevant to his/her field for each perspective. In the individual scorecard, the employee has to key in the target that is challenging but achievable. In performance cycle phase, he/she will then be required to key in the actual result and comment on the target. This performance scorecard will then linked to the reward system to reward the employees accordingly. c. Issues, Challenges and Advantages of BSC Issues The e-BSC used by TM is emphasizing a lot on the performance of its employees driving towards the vision and missions of the company which are mainly customers satisfaction and growth of the business. The biggest issue of BSC in TM is that it emphasizes too much on the internal business and performance rather than the quality of services provided to the customers. Each of the perspective emphasized by the BSC is not really focusing on the quality services. This is very important particularly for a service company like TM who provides telecommunication services to the public. For example does BSC implement by TM actually concern on the quality of its networks for the broadband services of TM Net, a division of TM? Measuring the quality of the services of TMs products is significantly important to be able to achieve the objectives of the company. Challenges A challenge faced by the BSC is where it could not answer some of the important question that a telecommunication company needs to know. For example, a manager can developed a set of measures for the scorecard, but it can never answer the question of what the competitors are doing out there (Andy Neely, 1995). This means that BSC has missed out one of the most important perspective which is the competitor perspective. In Malaysia, telecommunication industry is very competitive and TM is no longer the monopoly in the industry since the presence of other telecommunication companies such as Maxis and Digi. Thus, TM might risk itself if depend solely on the scorecard of not knowing what is happening with other competitors and might lose their market shares to them due to this reason. Advantages The BSC of TM has successfully provide a complete measurement on the four perspective which comprises of financial, customers, internal business control and organization and learning growth. Through the implementation using MAPS system, BSC in TM is done over the online system and electronically (e-BSC). The MAPS system provides a good way for the employees to set their own target, track their performance and finally evaluate their performance and give comments on whether is it hard to achieve the target. This is an advantage to TM as the managers from each division will be able to get direct feedback from the employees on their performance and able to report them to the top management to evaluate further on what can be done to improve and identify problems. This also enables long-term organizational learning at the same time to achieve continuous improvement on performance of the company. d. Recommendation Since the issue faced by TM is the quality of service, Total Quality Management (TQM) is able complement the shortcoming of BSC. A quality service is vital for a telecommunication company especially in such a competitive market in Malaysia. TQM is a type of performance system that is used as a long-term measure to reduce errors in a service or manufacturing process and focusing on customers satisfaction by ensuring workers have the highest level of training and modernization of equipment and limit errors to 1 per 1 million units produced. ISO 9000, the international standard defined that TQM as a management approach of an organization that centered on quality with participation of all members aiming at long term success through customers satisfaction and benefits to the members of the organization and society (Subburaj, 2005). TQM definitely benefits TM in many ways. It can apply this to the engineering of its telecommunication networks such as its fixed line division, cellular services division as well as the broadband division to improve the quality of services. Say for example, an uninterrupted broadband service for the customers that only allows 0.0001% of down time, same applies to the cellular networks and fixed line services. This definitely provides benefits and robust solutions to the company to enhance customers satisfactions on quality services. To achieve the TQM, TM must always from time to time send its engineers and other employees for training and make sure that they are experts in their field. Also, TM must spend more resources on its RD division, known as TMRND, to provide the latest equipment for the engineers to ensure that they have the best equipment to maintain the network to provide uninterrupted services. This is a long-term implementation for TM and it requires continuous improvement over time not only by the top management but also all the members of the organization working together. Also, TM will be benefited in the long run and enhanced its branding through attaining the TQM certification of ISO 9000. Conclusion In order for TM to remain dynamic in the globalization market, should always review its performance measurement system and constantly seek for improvement to better achieve its objectives and remain competitive. Performing well financially, increase in customers satisfaction, constantly improving the internal business process and improve in organizational learning and growth are equally important and TM has been doing well with its e-BSC and MAPS system. TM is also an innovative player in introducing new products and services such as the latest on the news, Unifi, a fiber optic solution for home and business which provide 5 to 20 Mbps of internet speed to the consumers and Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) (TheStar Online, 2010). However, innovative products and services are nothing if the service quality is not good enough. Now is the time for TM to embark on a new challenge in providing quality service through the implementation of TQM in its organization to achieve long-term success and customers satisfaction.